Cell replacement
The lane
- Status
- Active. Trials are running and the idea is still being tested.
- Verdict
- Strongest branch: conditional approval in Japan; bemdaneprocel Phase 3 (exPDite-2) reads out ~2027; fetal and Spheramine grafts failed; does not stop the disease.
- Family
- Restoration
- Landmarks
- 26 in this lane, 1 more tagged with it. Advanced 9 · Open 6 · Pending 6 · Superseded 1 · Dead end 4
The verdict and status come from the project's branches.yaml and use research wording.
Landmarks in this lane
| 6-OHDA model and first rat dopamine grafts | 1968–1979 | Research model | Confirmed and built on | – | – | 19 Oct 2026 | 5 |
| First fetal dopamine-cell transplants | 1987–1990 | Trial in people | Replaced by a newer approach | – | – | 19 Oct 2026 | 4 |
| Freed: sham-controlled fetal grafts | 2001 | Trial in people | Did not work | 2 | 40 | 22 Oct 2026 | 6 |
| Olanow: sham-controlled fetal grafts | 2003 | Trial in people | Did not work | 2 | 34 | 19 Oct 2026 | 4 |
| iPSC reprogramming (Yamanaka) | 2006–2007 | Research tool | Confirmed and built on | – | – | 19 Oct 2026 | 4 |
| Spheramine (STEPS) | 2008–2011 | Trial in people | Did not work | 2 | 71 | 19 Oct 2026 | 3 |
| Serotonin neurons cause graft dyskinesias | 2010 | Discovery | Confirmed and built on | – | – | 19 Oct 2026 | 2 |
| TRANSEURO fetal grafts | 2010–2026 | Trial in people | Did not work | – | 11 | 22 Oct 2026 | 3 |
| Stem cells to transplantable dopamine neurons | 2011 | Research tool | Confirmed and built on | – | – | 19 Oct 2026 | 3 |
| Skin cells to dopamine neurons, no stem-cell stage | 2011 | Research tool | Still being studied | – | – | 19 Oct 2026 | 4 |
| Lund's embryonic-stem-cell dopamine recipe | 2012–2017 | Research tool | Confirmed and built on | – | – | 19 Oct 2026 | 2 |
| iPSC-derived neurons work in monkeys | 2017 | Lab study (cells or animals) | Confirmed and built on | – | – | 20 Oct 2026 | 2 |
| Kyoto iPSC dopamine-cell trial | 2018–2025 | Trial in people | Passed this stage | 2 | 7 | 22 Oct 2026 | 4 |
| First graft of a patient's own iPSC neurons | 2020 | Trial in people | Mixed or early results | – | – | 19 Oct 2026 | 4 |
| Turning astrocytes into neurons: a dispute | 2020–2023 | Lab study (cells or animals) | Still being studied | – | – | 20 Oct 2026 | 4 |
| STEM-PD trial | 2023–2026 | Trial in people | Mixed or early results | 2 | 8 | 22 Oct 2026 | 3 |
| Aspen ASPIRO: patient-own-cell neurons | 2024–2026 | Trial in people | Result due Mar 2027 | 2 | 15 | 19 Oct 2026 | 5 |
| NouvNeu001 (iRegene) | 2024–2026 | Trial in people | Mixed or early results | 2 | 30 | 19 Oct 2026 | 4 |
| Brigham and Women's autologous iPSC dopamine cells | 2024–2028 | Trial in people | Result due Dec 2028 | 1 | 12 | 19 Oct 2026 | 4 |
| UC San Diego CT1-DAP001 donor iPSC cells | 2024–2028 | Trial in people | Result due Dec 2027 | 1 | 7 | 19 Oct 2026 | 3 |
| Bemdaneprocel embryonic stem-cell dopamine neurons | 2025 | Trial in people | Passed this stage | – | – | 19 Oct 2026 | 4 |
| exPDite-2 bemdaneprocel Phase 3 | 2025–2027 | Trial in people | Result due Mar 2027 | 3 | 102 | 18 Oct 2026 | 2 |
| Wave of Chinese iPSC dopamine-cell trials | 2025–2026 | Trial in people | Mixed or early results | 2 | – | 19 Oct 2026 | 5 |
| RNDP-001 (Kenai) REPLACE | 2025–2027 | Trial in people | Result due Sep 2027 | 2 | 12 | 19 Oct 2026 | 6 |
| Mass General autologous iPSC implant | 2025–2028 | Trial in people | Result due Dec 2027 | 1 | 8 | 19 Oct 2026 | 5 |
| Japan conditionally approves Amchepry (iPS-cell dopamine precursors) | 2026 | Research infrastructure | Confirmed and built on | – | – | 22 Oct 2026 | 6 |
Also tagged with this lane
| Lewy bodies in grafts: prion-like spread | 2008 | Discovery | Still being studied | – | – | 19 Oct 2026 | 3 |
Links with other lanes
Built on work from
- Foundations: 1 link
Led to work in
- Models: 3 links
- Synuclein misfolding & spread: 1 link
- Lysosome & GBA: 1 link