Mitochondria & energy
The lane
- Status
- Narrowed. Several attempts failed; work continues in a smaller group or with a different drug.
- Verdict
- CoQ10, creatine, MitoQ and nicotinamide riboside (NOPARK, worse than placebo) all failed; UDCA hit its target; the first USP30 mitophagy drug is in patients.
- Family
- Housekeeping
- Landmarks
- 27 in this lane, 14 more tagged with it. Advanced 7 · Open 14 · Pending 1 · Superseded 1 · Dead end 4
The verdict and status come from the project's branches.yaml and use research wording.
Landmarks in this lane
| Complex I deficiency in the Parkinson's brain | 1989–1990 | Discovery | Confirmed and built on | – | – | 19 Oct 2026 | 3 |
| Parkin mutations cause juvenile parkinsonism | 1998 | Discovery | Confirmed and built on | – | – | 19 Oct 2026 | 2 |
| Rotenone reproduces Parkinson's features in rats | 2000 | Research model | Confirmed and built on | – | – | 19 Oct 2026 | 3 |
| Coenzyme Q10 Phase 2 | 2002 | Trial in people | Replaced by a newer approach | 2 | 80 | 19 Oct 2026 | 4 |
| DJ-1 mutations cause early-onset parkinsonism | 2003 | Discovery | Still being studied | – | – | 19 Oct 2026 | 3 |
| PINK1 and the mitophagy pathway | 2004 | Discovery | Still being studied | – | – | 19 Oct 2026 | 4 |
| Mitochondrial DNA deletions in nigral neurons | 2006 | Discovery | Still being studied | – | – | 19 Oct 2026 | 5 |
| PINK1 and parkin share a pathway (flies) | 2006 | Research model | Confirmed and built on | – | – | 19 Oct 2026 | 3 |
| MitoPark mouse | 2007 | Research model | Still being studied | – | – | 19 Oct 2026 | 1 |
| MitoQ (PROTECT) | 2010 | Trial in people | Did not work | 2 | 128 | 19 Oct 2026 | 2 |
| Mitochondrial-derived vesicles | 2012–2016 | Discovery | Still being studied | – | – | 19 Oct 2026 | 3 |
| QE3: coenzyme Q10 fails in Phase 3 | 2014 | Trial in people | Did not work | 3 | 600 | 19 Oct 2026 | 2 |
| NET-PD LS-1: creatine | 2015 | Trial in people | Did not work | 3 | 1,741 | 19 Oct 2026 | 2 |
| CHCHD2 (PARK22) | 2015 | Discovery | Still being studied | – | – | 20 Oct 2026 | 4 |
| EPI-589 Phase 2a | 2016–2019 | Trial in people | Mixed or early results | 2 | 44 | 19 Oct 2026 | 4 |
| Basal mitophagy runs without PINK1 | 2018 | Discovery | Still being studied | – | – | 20 Oct 2026 | 2 |
| CNM-Au8 (REPAIR-PD) | 2019–2021 | Trial in people | Mixed or early results | 2 | 13 | 19 Oct 2026 | 4 |
| Terazosin and PGK1 glycolysis | 2019–2021 | Discovery | Still being studied | – | – | 20 Oct 2026 | 3 |
| Terazosin randomised pilot | 2019–2021 | Trial in people | Mixed or early results | 2 | 13 | 19 Oct 2026 | 2 |
| NOPARK: nicotinamide riboside Phase 3 | 2020–2026 | Trial in people | Did not work | 3 | 410 | 19 Oct 2026 | 3 |
| Complex I loss in dopamine neurons | 2021 | Research model | Confirmed and built on | – | – | 20 Oct 2026 | 2 |
| NADPARK Phase 1 | 2022 | Trial in people | Passed this stage | 1 | 30 | 19 Oct 2026 | 2 |
| NR-SAFE: high-dose nicotinamide riboside | 2022–2023 | Trial in people | Passed this stage | 1 | 20 | 19 Oct 2026 | 2 |
| UDCA (UP study) | 2023 | Trial in people | Mixed or early results | 2 | 30 | 19 Oct 2026 | 4 |
| First mitophagy drugs: MTX325, ABBV-1088 | 2023–2026 | Trial in people | Mixed or early results | – | – | 19 Oct 2026 | 4 |
| N-DOSE nicotinamide riboside dose-finding | 2023–2025 | Trial in people | Result due Dec 2026 | 2 | 81 | 22 Oct 2026 | 2 |
| TJ0113 (mitophagy inducer) | 2024–2028 | Trial in people | Mixed or early results | 3 | 300 | 19 Oct 2026 | 4 |
Also tagged with this lane
| MPTP: a chemical that causes Parkinson's | 1983 | Discovery | Confirmed and built on | – | – | 19 Oct 2026 | 4 |
| TCH346 (GAPDH binder) | 2002–2006 | Trial in people | Did not work | 2 | 301 | 19 Oct 2026 | 2 |
| POLG mutations cause parkinsonism | 2004 | Discovery | Still being studied | – | – | 19 Oct 2026 | 3 |
| NET-PD futility screens FS-1 and FS-2 | 2006–2007 | Trial in people | Passed this stage | 2 | – | 19 Oct 2026 | 3 |
| PRECEPT: CEP-1347 | 2007 | Trial in people | Did not work | 2 | 806 | 19 Oct 2026 | 3 |
| FBXO7 (PARK15) and PLA2G6 (PARK14) | 2008–2013 | Discovery | Confirmed and built on | – | – | 19 Oct 2026 | 4 |
| PARIS builds up when parkin fails | 2011 | Discovery | Still being studied | – | – | 19 Oct 2026 | 4 |
| The c-Abl idea: mouse studies and a 12-person pilot | 2014–2015 | Discovery | Replaced by a better idea | – | – | 19 Oct 2026 | 2 |
| Pioglitazone (FS-ZONE) | 2015 | Trial in people | Did not work | 2 | 210 | 19 Oct 2026 | 3 |
| VPS13C recessive parkinsonism | 2016 | Discovery | Still being studied | – | – | 20 Oct 2026 | 2 |
| Dopamine oxidation damages the lysosome | 2017 | Discovery | Still being studied | – | – | 20 Oct 2026 | 3 |
| Parkin/PINK1–STING paper retracted | 2018 | Discovery | Did not hold up | – | – | 19 Oct 2026 | 2 |
| Gut infection in PINK1-knockout mice | 2019 | Discovery | Still being studied | – | – | 20 Oct 2026 | 3 |
| Risvodetinib (c-Abl), Phase 2 "201" | 2023–2025 | Trial in people | Mixed or early results | 2 | 137 | 19 Oct 2026 | 5 |
Links with other lanes
Built on work from
- Environment & lifestyle: 2 links
- Oxidative stress: 1 link
- Trial methods & regulation: 1 link
Led to work in
- Genetic architecture: 9 links
- Inflammation & immunity: 4 links
- Trial methods & regulation: 3 links
- Cell survival & anti-apoptosis: 3 links
- Models: 3 links
- Environment & lifestyle: 2 links
- Oxidative stress: 1 link
- Lysosome & GBA: 1 link
- Selective vulnerability: 1 link